Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 is essential for sustaining durable antibody responses

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双长效支气管扩张剂在慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗中的研究进展

长效支气管扩张剂是稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)治疗的基石。固定剂量长效β2受体激动剂(long actingβ2 agonist,LABA)/长效抗胆碱能药物(long acting muscarinic antagonist,LAMA)复方制剂被慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议推荐用于COPD的治疗。为了更深入了解已经上市的多种LABA/LAMA复方制剂如维兰特罗/乌美溴铵、茚达特罗/格隆溴铵、福莫特罗/格隆溴铵及奥达特罗/噻拖溴铵等的疗效和安全性,本文对LABA/LAMA一些重要临床研究作一综述,旨在为COPD患者提供个体化的治疗方案。     

Long noncoding RNA ANRIL promotes the malignant progression of cholangiocarcinoma by epigenetically repressing ERRFI1 expression

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been verified to have significant regulatory functions in many types of human cancers. The lncRNA ANRIL is transcribed from the INK4b‐ARF‐INK4a gene cluster in the opposite direction. Whether ANRIL can act as an oncogenic molecule in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unknown. Our data show that ANRIL knockdown greatly inhibited CCA cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. According to the results of RNA sequencing analysis, ANRIL knockdown dramatically altered target genes associated with the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. By binding to a component of the epigenetic modification complex enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), ANRIL could maintain lysine residue 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) levels in the promoter of ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1 (ERRFI1), which is a tumor suppressor gene in CCA. In this way, ERRFI1 expression was suppressed in CCA cells. These data verified the key role of the epigenetic regulation of ANRIL in CCA oncogenesis and indicate its potential as a target for CCA intervention.     

sncRNAs packaged by Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles attenuate IL-8 secretion in human cells

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play a vital role in the mechanism of host―pathogen communication, while emerging evidence suggests that OMVs regulate host immune responses through differentially packaged small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) to target host mRNA function. Therefore, we identified differentially packaged sncRNAs in Helicobacter pylori OMVs and showed transfer of OMV sncRNAs to human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in this study. Our data revealed that sncRNAs (sR-2509025 and sR-989262) were enriched in OMVs, and reduced lipopolysaccharide or OMV-induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion by cultured AGS cells. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sncRNAs in H. pylori OMVs play a novel role in the mechanism of host―pathogen interaction, whereby H. pylori evades the host immune response.     

Caring for the pregnant woman with an inherited arrhythmia syndrome

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circRNA在肝癌中的研究进展

circRNA是一种新的内源性RNA，广泛存在于真核细胞中，参与转录或转录后基因表达调控，大部分属非编码RNA，是近几年RNA领域中的研究热点。circRNA主要通过拮抗miRNA来发挥“海绵作用”进而调控靶基因表达，与多种疾病有着密切联系，特别是在肿瘤中发挥重要作用。近年研究发现，circRNA对肝细胞肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）的发生、发展及转移具有重要调控作用。该文就circRNA与肝细胞肝癌关系的研究进展作一阐述。